If there's been a person immutable rule in the course of American television record, it's been community news. Practically from The instant the station initial signed on air, they started carrying community news in which sporting activities always performed a major position. An absence of consistent programming sources in these early several years led quite a few stations to show to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. New York's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its 1st broadcast was a professional baseball sport ("NBC Historical past", 2003). When producing local newscasts to suit their audience, these stations normally provided athletics and weather conditions. Such as, in 1961 WKMG started its initial total-time news Division in Orlando. Newscasts contain Frank Vaught's sports activities studies ("The historical past of," 2003).
Athletics have held a dominant situation in community information broadcasting for many several years, but modern sector tendencies have named into concern this placement. Segmented audiences, shifting demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its nearby sports phase. “Athletics has become the very last regions of Television exactly where individuals do things just how they normally have,” suggests tv government Elliott Wiser. “(These days) a new solution is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Difficulty for Local Television set Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Venture for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Changing channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Dilemma for Nearby Television set Athletics
None of this is Excellent news for your area television sporting activities sector, that's more and more underneath scrutiny from station execs. In spite of its common presence in just regional newscasts, sporting activities have prolonged been considered a "tuning" component. In accordance with a study through the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers stated they ended up 'extremely intrigued' in sports and 32% have been 'relatively fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed curiosity during the weather. "Athletics are incredibly polarizing." reported television news guide Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have shown that Ladies are significantly fewer thinking about athletics than Adult men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and many stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not a soul is listening is not a great utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the sport, while some have diminished their allotted time. Depending on the day of the week (weekends have much more sports activities time), sports activities segments have usually gained concerning a few and 5 minutes of community information protection. Since variety is right down to a couple of minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Reduce the time for sports by just three and a half minutes for 3 several hours of reports. Other folks while in the sector have carried out new ways, including sports activities stories that focus extra on people today than scores or cater to your wider news viewers. "What we are looking to do now is treat sporting activities as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a little something outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Improvements in neighborhood sports may very well be a reflection of the huge upheaval happening throughout broadcast information. When the sporting activities sector is not safe, How about other information aspects? CBS Group News Vp Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) explained, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [news] product.”
On a more speedy degree, variations while in the local athletics sector immediately impact Countless aspiring sportscasters. Stations which can be lessening their dedication to athletics can also be minimizing their sports workforce amounts, which impacts The work marketplace. One more information director mentioned, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to 1 whole-time, 1 accountable for the information a few days every week, and it had been a struggle to stay there.”
Equally critical, variations in the way sports activities are offered are forcing athletics broadcasters to learn new techniques. Not can sportscasters center on scoring. They may have to create the presentation a lot more participating for normal enthusiasts. This is often also important for journalism faculties across the country, which ought to doc what stations want during the sports sector and update their coaching 스포츠중계 curricula.
Will these adjustments perform or persist? Sports activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented about the transform in KDKA, “Permit’s reserve closing judgment right until September, in the event the Steelers, college or university, and highschool soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”